In information security, what does the term "confidentiality" refer to?

• A. A guarantee of data permanence
• B. Limiting access to sensitive information to authorized individuals
• C. Ensuring data is backed up securely
• D. Organizing data for effective retrieval

Answer: (B)

The concept of "confidentiality" in information security is fundamentally centered on protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access. This ensures that only individuals who have been granted the necessary permissions can view or interact with specific data. By limiting access, organizations can safeguard personal data, trade secrets, and other sensitive information, reducing the risk of data breaches and ensuring compliance with various regulations that mandate stringent data protection measures.

Confidentiality is crucial for maintaining trust between entities, whether between a business and its customers or within an organization. By ensuring that only authorized personnel can access certain information, companies can effectively mitigate risks related to data leakage, theft, and misuse. This is a key element in the broader framework of information security, which also includes integrity and availability as essential components.

Other options refer to concepts that, while important in the realm of data management and security, do not capture the essence of confidentiality. Data permanence, secure backups, and data organization all contribute to the overall security posture but do not specifically address the need to restrict access to sensitive information.