What does multi-factor authentication (MFA) require?

• A. Multiple user accounts for each system
• B. Two or more verification factors for access
• C. Retinal scans as a primary method of authentication
• D. Single password access for all accounts

Answer: (B)

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) enhances security by requiring two or more verification factors to gain access to resources. This approach goes beyond a simple username and password, which can be vulnerable to various attacks. MFA typically combines different categories of authentication methods, such as something you know (like a password), something you have (like a smartphone or hardware token), and something you are (such as biometric data like fingerprints or facial recognition).

This layered approach significantly increases security because even if one factor is compromised (like a password), an attacker would still need the additional verification factors to gain unauthorized access, making systems far more resilient against breaches and unauthorized access attempts. By utilizing multiple forms of identification, MFA effectively mitigates the risks associated with single-factor authentication, potentially preventing the unauthorized access that could lead to data breaches, identity theft, and other security incidents.