What is the primary function of firewalls in IT security?

• A. To enhance physical security measures
• B. To monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic
• C. To manage employee access to company resources
• D. To provide training to staff on security best practices

Answer: (B)

The primary function of firewalls in IT security is to monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic. Firewalls serve as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks, such as the internet, helping to prevent unauthorized access and potential threats. By analyzing data packets and applying predefined security rules, firewalls can allow or block traffic based on its characteristics. This is crucial for protecting sensitive data and maintaining the integrity and confidentiality of the network environment.

Firewalls can effectively act as a first line of defense in an organization's cybersecurity framework, helping to mitigate risks such as unauthorized access, malware, and data breaches by regulating network traffic based on established security policies.