What legislation governs data privacy in the European Union?

• A. Data Protection Act (DPA)
• B. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
• C. California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)
• D. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Answer: (D)

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is the legislation that governs data privacy in the European Union. Enforced since May 25, 2018, GDPR represents a comprehensive framework designed to protect the personal data and privacy of EU residents. It establishes strict guidelines for data collection, processing, and storage, ensuring that individuals have greater control over their personal information.

One of the key features of the GDPR is its emphasis on the principles of transparency, fairness, and accountability in data handling. It requires organizations to be clear about how they use personal data, obtain explicit consent for data processing, and implement appropriate security measures to protect that data. Additionally, GDPR grants individuals a set of rights, including the right to access their data, the right to rectify inaccuracies, the right to erasure, and the right to data portability, empowering them to manage their own privacy effectively.

The other options pertain to different regulatory frameworks and geographical regions. The Data Protection Act (DPA) is specific to the UK and predates GDPR, reflecting a different approach to data protection. HIPAA is a U.S. law focusing on the protection of health information and does not apply broadly to all types of personal data. The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) is